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Chapter 18.Disorders of sodium and water metabolism
Previous Chapter Next Chapter Self-Assessment for this chapter
Keypoints
- Disordered water regulation causes abnormal plasma osmolality
- Disordered sodium regulation causes abnormal plasma sodium concentration
- Diabetes insipidus occurs when there is either inadequate ADH production (cranial diabetes insipidus) or a failure of the kidney to respond to ADH (nephrogenic diabetes insipidus).
- In either case the result is inadequate water excretion which can cause a rise in plasma osmolality
- SIADH (syndrome of inappropriate excess anti-diuretic hormone) causes excess ADH and a low plasma osmolality.
- Excess aldosterone causes sodium retention
- Inadequate aldosterone causes sodium loss
- Hyponatremia ( a low plasma sodium) usually reflects hypo-osmolality
- Hypernatremia (a high plasma sodium) usually reflects hyper-osmolality
Self-Assessment Questions for this Chapter